And God Said... Light and Dark in Book 3 of Paradise Lost - Literature Essay Samples

Part of Miltons genius lies in his ability to stack motif on top of motif, theme on top of theme and image on top of image with high density, without losing any of the effectiveness of his words; in fact, that density increases the effectiveness. Throughout Paradise Lost the motif of light and dark recurs, figuratively contrasting God and Satan, Heaven and Hell. Book three begins with an invocation of Light as a muse, and from then on, the discussions between God and Christ and the decisions of Satan often use light and dark imagery to express contrast. Miltons use of light and dark in the first 55 lines of Book three creates a static and blurred delineation between the two states, expressing that few things are completely one or the other; light can exist in the darkness, and darkness in the light.By addressing his muse in this book as holy Light (3.1), Milton is asking God or rather one of Gods minions to aid him in a correct portrayal of God Himself. Using a reference to the B ible through John 1.5, which states, God is Light, and in him is no darkness at all, is a strong way to invoke both divine imagery as well as the popular reference of knowledge and thought as light. However, despite Miltons strong religious beliefs, using such a strong statement from the Bible as a reference is actually an argument against that statement. Just as it is proven throughout the epic that even Satan is not a wholly evil figure, through the above Biblical reference, Milton is stating that even God does not exist wholly without darkness.From there, Milton goes on to describe God as th Eternal coeternal beam (3.2) and bright effluence of bright essence increate (3.6), making God into not only a reflection of light, but the object of light itself. In doing so, Milton pays homage to the grandness of God and develops Him as a more active figure. That action is then reinforced by Miltons description of Gods Creation. He shows that before the world was as it is now known, t here was darkness, and even after God created form, the darkness remained.Before the sun,Before the heavens thou wert, and at the voiceOf God, as with a mantle didst investThe rising world of waters dark and deep,Won from the void and formless infinite. (3. 8-12)Despite Gods efforts to create, the waters he created remain dark and deep (3.11). This could be a reference to the imperfect state of man, but since at that point man had not yet been created, Gods singular presence shows that even God is not without a bit of darkness and a bit of depth.Once the darkness of the pools has been established, Milton switches his descriptions to those of Satan and the underworlds. Words such as escaped (3.14), long detained (3.14), obscure sojourn (3.15) and utter darkness (3.16), while not direct references to the contrast between light and dark, are definite allusions to what darkness entails. Through these descriptions, Chaos is created as a lonely, hopeless, treacherous place, and the fin al reference to actual darkness only serves to enforce this strong imagery. The eternal Night (3.18) again enforces the hopelessness of Hell; nothing can escape it. The absence of Satan in this description does not go unnoticed, however. Unlike the earlier description of Heaven, in which God is the object of light more than the location is, the darkness described in this passage is of Hell and all it entails, not solely its ruler. Through this omission, Milton is leaving Satans state of darkness somewhat ambiguous.The narrators return to Heaven after this journey is not entirely jubilant. A taint of the darkness he encountered in Hell has remained. He was taught by the Heavnly Muse to venture down/ The dark descent, and up to reascend (3.19-20), and the journey was long. However, despite the instruction he received from the Heavnly Muse to sanction the journey, he returns to God less than he was before, desiring to:Feel thy sovran vital lamp; but thouRevisitst not these eyes, that roll in vainTo find thy piercing ray, and find no dawn;So thick a drop serene hath quenched their orbs,Or dim suffusion veiled. (3.22-26)Through his experience in the underworld, he has lost the ability to see the full light and revel in Gods good graces. This serves as foreshadowing for the fall of man later in the poem; Adam will no longer be able to experience the Paradise he had before because it will have been spoilt or lost. The phrase of quenched orbs (3.25) shows the hopelessness acquired through the visit to the underworld. Darkness can be overcome by light, but when the orbs have been quenched, they are extinguished for good, with no hope of regaining the light they once possessed. The Norton Anthology glosses a drop serene (3.25) as what is presently known as cataracts and what was then the affliction that caused Miltons blindness in his later life, including the time during which he composed Paradise Lost. Though purely speculative, it is possible that the fru stration exposed in this part of the passage stems from a degree of self-hatred by Milton, blaming himself for the condition he was in. Whether that is true or not, however, does not change the fact that the darkness of Hell has tainted the light of Heaven.The description of where the Muses haunt (3.27) reinforces the statement that even light is not all good, nor darkness all bad. They reside in a clear spring, or shady grove, or sunny hill (3.28). The shady grove evokes feelings of dampness and chill; the sunny hill evokes feeling of warmth. The contrast shows that muses also do not exist on one plain but rather in different ways, neither good nor bad.Miltons statement that Nightly I visit (3.32) seems based in irony. Because he is blind, all interaction is like at night, since all interaction is shrouded in darkness. His placement of himself into the poem in this part puts a positive spin on the darkness described. He cites those poets like himself who were besought with b lindness. He then discusses the clarity that can come with darkness through the metaphor of a nightingale.Feed on thoughts, that voluntary move,Harmonious numbers; as the wakeful birdSings darkling, and in shadiest covert hidTunes her nocturnal note. (3.37-40)The nightingale, revered for its beautiful song, is able to more clearly focus and tune its song without the distractions that light can afford. Through this metaphor, Milton shows that darkness is not all bad, in fact, it can be beneficial.Miltons bitterness resultant from his blindness is quite evident in lines 40-50. He rants that he will never see another day nor rose nor human face divine (3.44). He is shut out (3.50) of the light and condemned to the darkness. Pockets of Paradise Lost seem to reveal Miltons general frustration of life, but his strength of conviction and his strong belief system bring him around to understanding even the most frustrating of situations. He realizes that the condemnation of darkness a nd blindness can only be enforced in the natural world. He called upon his muse in the first line, calling it holy Light (3.1) for he desires:Thou celestial LightShine inward, and the mind through all her powersIrradiate, there plant eyes, all mist from thencePurge and disperse, that I may see and tellOf things invisible to mortal sight. (3. 51-55)He invokes an inner light, one of knowledge. In the closing of this passage, Milton acknowledges that light and dark are in the eye of the beholder. Although knowledge and truth are associated with light, one can achieve light even with physical darkness.Light and dark, though it may seem that their difference is obvious and distinct, are in actuality necessary to each other. Total and utter light and darkness rarely exist in this passage utter darkness is mentioned but once and their dependence on each other is a factor in their survival. Milton is using this comparison to explain that God and Satan are complex characters that cann ot exist without one another and that each contains aspects of the other. Even these characters, who, by popular belief, are the epitome of good and evil defy the lines at times and exist without barriers. Through the blurring of the lines in his descriptions of light and dark, Milton disproves that light and dark are mutually exclusive entities.

The Grapes of Wrath Connections to the Great Depression

The Grapes of Wrath: Connections to the Great Depression The decaying state of the American economy and the onset of the Great Depression in the 1930s brought about the necessity for the United States to reconsider its attitudes and examine the long term effects of its policies concerning wide-scale socioeconomic problems that were constantly growing bigger. The Great Depression led to the creation of many new and innovative government policies and programs, along with revisions to older economic systems. However, these cost the government billions of dollars in a country that had consistently been stretching the gap between the rich and poor. This continued as the Great Depression began to change everything people had grown old knowing,†¦show more content†¦Every moving thing lifted the dust into the air: a walking man lifted a thin layer as high as his waist, and a wagon lifted the dust as high as the fence tops, and an automobile boiled a cloud behind it. The dust was long and settling back again. (Steinbeck 4) Crops had indeed been ruined as well, and for a long while. It took many futile attempts from farmers at replanting their wheat to realize this; the earth-uprooting storms did not spare anymore crops a chance. After seeing that all efforts put into this region were proving to be in vain, farmers had decided to move out west (Mostly to California for its professed jobs and beautiful land and climate) in a struggling effort for survival. They began migrating using any jalopies or old cars that they could obtain and hopping on Route 66, which would take them where they needed to go. The people in flight streamed out on Route 66, sometimes a single car, sometimes a little caravan. All day they rolled slowly along the road and at night they stopped near water. (Steinbeck 152) A large amount of the migrants came from the heavily dust-infested Oklahoma. 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A Research Study On Literature Review - 1131 Words

One of the stages in writing a research paper is the literature review. Since there is very little that has not been studied in some form, good researchers find out all they can about their subjects before they commence their own study. Not only is it imperative to acquire what is already know about the subject, but a literature review enables the researcher to identify what is not known or well understood (Lanier Briggs, 2014). By conducting a literature review, one verifies what else needs to be done. A literature review is an important aspect of any research paper. Additionally, reviews indicate what already exists, what has been learned and what has not been learned. By conducting a review, researchers are able to consider what can be modified on past studies that will develop the research question better. A review can provide ideas for changing some of the conditions or variables of previous studies, which may result in different outcomes. 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Amici Forever - The Opera Band free essay sample

Although I have come across opera a number of times during my vocal training, I have never been a big fan. But there was something about this CD that jumped out at me when I saw a wall of them at the record store. Maybe it was the sale sticker, or the interesting cover. What really compelled me to buy it was the fact that they described themselves as the worlds first opera band. What exactly is an opera band? I remember wondering. I had always associated opera with old men and fat ladies, but the people on this CD were neither. They did not look like a band either no guitars or guys with long hair. I could not help but succumb to my curiosity. Even though this experiment was not quite as good as I expected, I do recommend it to anyone looking to broaden their musical horizons. We will write a custom essay sample on Amici Forever The Opera Band or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Amici Forever has a sound that is definitely their own. Comprised of two sopranos, two tenors and a bass, their songs are a mix of classical and contemporary music, but both have a modern feel. They sing in English and Italian and, on one track, Czechoslovakian. One of their most interesting songs is Senza Catene (which is Unchained Melody in Italian). My favorite, Whisper of Angels, is based on an older classic, and features amazing harmonies. Amici Forever has become very popular in England (home of three band members, the other two are from South Africa) as a crossover band. They have proved themselves a talented and accomplished group, even before releasing this CD in the U.S. I recommend The Opera Band to anyone who has a love for or even just a slight interest in opera.

Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane Sample

Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane Paper Tissue from an onion is a good first exercise in using he microscope and viewing plant cells. The cells are easily visible under a microscope and the preparation of a thin section is straight forward. An onion is made of layers, each separated by a thin skin or membrane. In this exercise you will make a wet mount on a microscope slide and look at the cells of the onion membrane magnified by the high power, compound microscope. We also can observe the actual structure of plant cells which consists of nucleus, vacuole, cytoplasm, cell wall etc. This experiment indicates the transport across membrane in plant cells when involving water through osmosis. Materials and methods : Materials I Apparatus I Onion Distilled waterfall sugar/sucrose I Small knife Glass slipcover oscilloscope Filter paramagnetic stirrer/stirring arthropods Beakers (250 ml 500 mi) I l. Scale off carefully the epidermal layer of an onion and place it on a drop of distilled water on the glass slide. II. Lower down the glass cover slowly on the epidermal layer using the needle. Ill. Examine the onion cells through the microscope. IV. Draw the structure of the onion cells as observed under microscope. V. Remove the distilled water using filter paper. VI. Place a drop of 5% (w/v) sucrose solution at a side of the cover slip and draw the solution across the epidermal layer by placing filter paper on the other side of cover slip. VII. Examine the onion cells once again through the microscope. Draw the structure of the onion cells as observed under microscope. VIII. Repeat step (v vii) using 30% (w/v) sucrose solution. IX. Compare the structure of onion cells in solutions at different concentrations. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Results : The onion cells in distilled water under microscope I The onion cells in 5% (w/v) sucrose solution under microscope I The onion cells in 30% (w/v) sucrose solution under microscope I Discussion : In this experiment we had done 3 different solutions to see the effects of these solutions with plant cells (onion cells). For hypotonic solution (distilled water), because of the different pressure water moves into the cell by osmosis is faster or we can also say pressure potential is higher. Thus it caused the cell to swell without bursting due to the presence of cell wall. The increased pressure pushes the cytoplasm against the cell wall and the cell becomes turgid. For isotonic elution (5% (w/v) sucrose solution), water moves in and out of the cell at the same rate hence there is no net movement of water. In the other term solute potential is equal to pressure potential. The cell retains its shape. On the other hand, for hypersonic solution (30% (w/v) sucrose solution), water moves out from the cell by osmosis, the cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall and the cell becomes flaccid. Its the same as solute potential is higher in other terms. In this situation, the cell is said to be polymerase. Experiment 2 : The purpose of doing this experiment is to determine the effects of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypersonic solutions to potato cells. From a brief opinion we can conclude the hypothesis ; the concentration of an external solution which is isotonic to the cell sap does not affect the size, shape and mass of the potato strips. Particularly in this experiment we have to use a specific formula to calculate percentage change in the mass of potato strips. Given formula : Percentage change = Final mass Initial mass x 100 Initial mass This is because, the easiest way to observe the changes occur to the potato strips was to weigh the initial mass and its final mass after being put into the three illusions. Material and methods : Potato Table salt/Inaccessibility water Small knife Penchant digital balanced Vials Beakers (250 ml 500 ml )Magnetic stirrer/stirring radiation I l. Slice your potato into sticks that 4-6 CM long and 1 CM diameter. Record their initial weight (g) in 2 decimal places, e. G: 3. 15 g. II. Prepare 4 vials with different salt solutions: 10% (w/v) Nasal, 3. 5% (w/v) Nasal, 0. 88% (w/v) Nasal, and distilled water. Ill. Put one potato stick into each solution. Record the weight of the potato sticks again after 20 min. Calculate the change in weight: final wet. Initial wet. IV. Calculate the percentage of water gain or loss as follow: V. % weight change = Final Wet- Initial Wet x 100 Initial Wet Salt concentration I Initial weight of potato stick (g) I Final weight of potato stick (g) I Change in weight (g) Change in weight (%) I Rank relative Water loss or gain | Nasal | 0. 88 | 0. 76 | -0. 12 13. 6 Loss 3. % Nasal | 0. 88 | 0. 83 | -0. 05 5. 68 Loss 0. 88% Ana | 0. 88 0. 88 +0. 00 | 0. 00 | No change I Distilled Water | 0. 88 | 0. 97 | +0. 09 | 10. 2 | Gain I The data table for long stick potato gain | Niacin | 0. 28 | 0. 26 | -0. 02 7. 14 | 3. % Nasal | 0. 28 | 0. 24 | -0. 04 14. 3 Loss I 0. 88% Nasal | 0. 28 0. 28 +0. 00 | 0. 00 | No change I Distilled Water | 0. 28 | 0 . 36 | +0. 08 | 28. 6 | Gain I The data table for short stick potato In this experiment , potato cells were put into four different solution concentrations which are distilled water, 10% (w/v), 3% (w/v) and 0. 88% (w/v) of sodium chloride. The concentration of the external solution (0. 88% (w/v) sodium chloride) which is isotonic to the cell sap of the potato cell will not produce any percentage change in the mass of the potato. The water moves in and out of the ell at the same rate and the potato strip remains turgid. We can also conclude that the solute potential is equal to pressure potential. In distilled water, the potato strips become longer and increased in mass. The potato strips are hypotonic when immersed in distilled water. The rate water moves into the cells are faster then water moves out thus the pressure potential is higher. In solution with the concentration of 3. 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v) of sodium chloride, the potato cells become smaller and least in mass. The potato strips are hypersonic when immersed in these concentrations. The rate of water that eves out from the cells are faster then rate of water that moves into the cells hence the solute potential is higher. Experiment 3 : The osmotic gradient is the difference in concentration between two solutions on either side of a comparable membrane, and is used to tell the difference in percentages of the concentration of a specific particle dissolved in a solution. Usually the osmotic gradient is used while comparing solutions that have a comparable membrane between them allowing water to diffuse between the two solutions, toward the hypersonic solution (the solution with the higher concentration). Eventually, the force of the column of water on the hypersonic side of the comparable membrane will equal the force of diffusion on the hypotonic (the side with a lesser concentration) side, creating equilibrium. When equilibrium is reached, water continues to flow, but it flows both ways in equal amounts as well as force, therefore stabilizing the solution. Osmosis is the diffusion of molecules from where they are abundant to where they are scarce through a semi permeable membrane. In red blood cells, this semi permeable membrane is the cell membrane. If red blood cells were placed in a solution abundant with water molecules, they would diffuse into the cells through the membrane Materials and Methods : Distilled water 4. 0% (w/v) Nasal 0. 5% (w/v) Niacin I Glass slide Cover slip Microscope Test tubes Cotton Lancet Beakers (250 ml 500 ml) Magnetic stirrer/stirring rod Spatula I i. Label test tubes with A, B, and C. Ii. Fill the test tube A, B, and C with 5 ml of distilled water, 4. 0 % (w/v) Nasal and 0. 85% (w/v) Nasal, respectively. Iii. Add a drop of blood into each test tube and left them for 5 min. Iv. Examine a drop of each solution under microscope. The red blood cells in distilled w ater under microscope I The red blood cells in 4. 0% (w/v) Niacin solution under microscope I The red blood cells in 0. 5% (w/v) Nasal solution under microscope I When the osmotic pressure of the solution outside the blood cells in higher than the osmotic pressure inside the red blood cells, the solution is hypersonic. The water inside the blood cells exits the cells in an attempt to equalize the osmotic pressure, causing the cells to shrink. When the osmotic pressure outside the red blood cells is the same as the pressure inside the cells, the solution is isotonic with respect to the cytoplasm. This is the USUal condition of red blood cells in plasma. The cells are normal.

Research Paper on Michael Jordan

Research Paper on Michael Jordan Michael Jordan was possibly the best basketball player in the history of the National Basketball Association. His career spanned over nineteen glorious seasons for the Chicago Bulls. The most recognizable athlete in the world, he is not only the top player of his era, but is quite possibly the best player ever to wear the uniform of an NBA team. The magnitude of his Airness can be best shown through Michael’s soaring hang times and acrobatic moves, but the legend of MJ is characterized by his tough spirit, determination and passion of the greatest player in basketball history. In 1984 Jordan came into the NBA after an outstanding three-year career at North Carolina. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Michael was raised in Wilmington, North Carolina. He hit the jump shot that gave the Tar Heels the NCAA Championship in 1982 and was the College Player of the Year in 1984. The Chicago Bulls took him with the No. 3 overall pick. Jordan joined a club that had finished at 27-55 the previous season and was considered one of the worst teams in the league. In his rookie season, Jordan lifted the team to a 38-44 record and a playoff berth for the first time since 1981. He finished the season with a scoring average of 28.2 points per game, third in the league, and set Chicago single-season records for points (2,313), field goals (837), free throws (630), free-throw attempts (746), and steals (196). It all added up to an NBA Rookie of the Year Award, a slot on the NBA All-Rookie Team, and a selection to the All-NBA Second Team. The Bulls faced the Milwaukee Bucks in the firs t round of the playoffs and lost in all four games. Jordan averaged 29.3 points in the series, but couldn’t muster his first playoff victory. Dissatisfied and disappointed, Jordan trained hard over the off-season to win his first playoff series. Early on in his career Michael was presented with mild success, but still unproven in the playoffs. Yet as the rest of the world was about to find out, MJ was possibly the most physically and mentally dominant player on the court. He earned the MVP status in 1988, 1991, and 1992, while scorching through the Finals and winning three consecutive NBA championships (1992-1993). He led the NBA in scoring for 7 consecutive seasons. In less than five years, Michael turned around a deteriorating Chicago Bulls franchise, into one of the NBA’s most storied dynasties. Yet midway through Jordan’s career, several life changing controversial issues came about. In 1993, straight off of his third NBA championship, Michael’s father, James Jordan was murdered in his car in North Carolina. The shocking tragedy, hit Michael very closely, and to pay homage to his father, decided to quit from basketball and play baseball. The entire basketball world was in stunned. Many critics disagreed with the move, but Michael was determined. After one lackluster season with the minor league Birmingham Barons, Michael reasonably decided for his return to basketball and to the Bulls. Many fans were delighted to see the return of the most exciting player return to the courts. After the death of his father and his stint with baseball, Jordan returned to his true love, basketball; and to resume his record breaking career. After his return to basketball, he played as if he had never left, leading the Bulls to a 70-win season and a return to the Finals in 1995. On Dec. 30, Michael scored in double digits for the 788th consecutive game, breaking Kareem Abdul Jabbers record. After seven NBA championships, Michael decided to retire from basketball. Yet with his charismatic ego and motivation to play the game, Michael returned once again to basketball, this time with the Washington Wizards. Two unsuccessful seasons later, at age 40, Michael decided to call it quits. In his final game played, he scored the final shot against the 76ers. Michael Jordan ended his career with 32,292 points, the 3rd highest in NBA history. Although many say he tarnished his career by playing with the unproductive Wizards, his leadership, long-term career and personal motivation cannot be dismissed. Arguably, Michael’s later achievements were more astonishing than before, with the strength of his spirit still strong, and knowledge of the game. The mark of a great player is shown by an evolution of the game as it progresses. Michael changed the way basketball was played and contributed invaluable amounts of wisdom to younger players. Michael was most known for his offensive threat, but he taught others the fundamentals of great defense. He was the definition of a franchise player, bringing glory and fame to the Chicago Bulls who became the envy of every NBA team. He was also a member of the Olympic Dream Team that received the Gold Medal in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics in Spain. Off the court, Michael set up his own charity foundation, and helps poor children in violent neighborhoods. Never in trouble with the law, Michael became the ideal model citizen to represent the NBA. The most inspirational and energetic player in the NBA never lost the thirst to succeed and the preservation to win. MJ will go down in history as the definition of competition at its best. Through tough times and tragedy, Michael never gave up and pressed on. The reason for Michael’s illustrious success has been nothing short of hard work and never surrendering. His will to win, at any cost, has motivated many athletes and non-athletes alike to set goals for themselves and to reach them.

Enemies of the cross and the qur'an the end of the soul Essay

Enemies of the cross and the qur'an the end of the soul - Essay Example Chapter 35 of the text specifically discusses the disproportionate level of impact that liberal ideology has had within Christianity as compared to Islam. One of the underlying reasons for this level of disproportionate impact has to do with the fact that a large portion of Christian ideology is predicated upon the ethos of miraculous occurrences. Whereas it is true that Islam is largely based upon an understanding of miraculous intervention as well, Christian dogma and doctrine loses a great deal of legitimacy when faced with a situation in which these miraculous occurrences might not in fact be true. Moreover, as a direct result of the liberal ideologies that came to pervade Christianity in the early 18th century, the overall extent to which learned individuals integrated with a belief in miracles began to decline rapidly; providing a situation in which the backbone and fundamentals of the Christian faith radically different from an interpretation of science or ideology of the early modern era. By means of contrast and comparison, Islam has fared rather well from the influences of liberalism. This has mainly to do with the fact that the tradition of Islam is not predicated upon the occurrences of miracles or the many different diverse approaches towards religious interpretation; that exist to such a wide degree under the umbrella of Christian denominations. The text further illustrates the fact that Islam has been able to incorporate key changes in technology, sociology, science, and other key fields without losing an inherent level of relevance to the lives of those who practice it. This can again by linked back to the fact that Islam is fundamentally different than Christianity in the fact that it is a more personal religious experience; as compared to the more group relevant dynamics that Christianity holds. Further,